Ranch Land
Updated: January 14, 2026
Montana Rangeland Facts (2026)
Montana is home to more animals than people! In early 2025, there were about 2.16 million cattle and 185,000 sheep in Montana--compared to roughly 1.15 million people in 2026 (Source).
So, where do these animals live and what do they eat? Montana doesn't have "cow houses." Instead, cows, sheep, deer, and other animals live on BIG natural areas called rangelands. These lands are huge--about 68 million acres, or 70% of all land in Montana (Source).
What is rangeland?
- Grasslands: Made up of grasses--the main food for animals. Grass is also very important because its roots hold soil in place and stop rain from washing it away.
- Woodlands: Groups of trees and shrubs. These are extra food for animals, especially in winter when the grass is buried in snow.
- Forbs: These are leafy plants with colorful flowers. They die in winter and re-grow in spring. Animals eat some of them and skip others if they don't taste good.
Together, grass, shrubs, and forbs make up about 58% of Montana's rangeland.
Who owns the rangelands?
Most of the rangelands are privately owned by ranchers who raise livestock. A lot of it is owned by the government and leased to ranchers. These ranchers promise to take care of the land and follow strict rules to keep it healthy and protected.
How do ranchers manage the land?
- Rotate livestock from one area to another so plants can grow back.
- Protect streams and ponds so animals have good water.
- Watch out for weeds--if weeds take over, animals can't find good food. Ranchers use different methods to keep weeds away.
It's a big job that takes all year and requires careful planning and hard work.
Rangeland isn't just for ranches
- Provide homes for wild animals like deer and antelope.
- Keep streams and lakes clean, which birds like ducks and geese need.
- Grow trees that can be used for timber.
- Offer fun activities for people, like fishing, horseback riding, hiking, and camping.
With all this, Montana's rangelands are like big open homes--not just for cows and sheep, but for many animals and people who love nature and explore the outdoors.
Updated: January 14, 2026
